@ImageMagick Animation Program for X Window System4NF,
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Contents






Synopsis

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animate [ options ...] file [ [(options ...] file ...]





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Description

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animate displays a sequence of images on any workstationAdisplay running an X server. animate first determines the;hardware capabilities of the workstation. If the number of6unique colors in an image is less than or equal to the:number the workstation can support, the image is displayed<in an X window. Otherwise the number of colors in the image5is first reduced to match the color resolution of the#workstation before it is displayed.

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This means that a continuous-tone 24 bits-per-pixel image8can display on a 8 bit pseudo-color device or monochrome:device. In most instances the reduced color image closely7resembles the original. Alternatively, a monochrome or<pseudo-color image sequence can display on a continuous-tone24 bits-per-pixel device.

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To help prevent color flashing on X server visuals that haveBcolormaps, animate creates a single colormap from the image<sequence. This can be rather time consuming. You can speed<this operation up by reducing the colors in the image beforeByou `animate' them. Use mogrify to color reduce the images9to a single colormap. See mogrify(1) for details.<Alternatively, you can use a Standard Colormap; or a static,8direct, or true color visual. You can define a StandardKColormap with xstdcmap. See xstdcmap(1) for details. This9method is recommended for colormapped X server because it1eliminates the need to compute a global colormap.


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Examples

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To animate a set of images of a cockatoo, use:

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animate cockatoo.*

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To animate a cockatoo image sequence while using theStandard Colormap "best", use:


xstdcmap -best3
animate -map best cockatoo.*

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To animate an image of a cockatoo without a border centeredon a backdrop, use:

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animate +borderwidth -backdrop cockatoo.*




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Options



-backdrop-
display the image centered on a backdrop.

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This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen0and is useful for hiding other X window activity4while viewing the image. The color of the backdropAis specified as the background color. Refer to XResources for details.

-colormap type:
the type of colormap: Shared or Private.

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This option only applies when the default X serverJvisual is PseudoColor or GRAYScale. Refer to -visual3for more details. By default, a shared colormap is0allocated. The image shares colors with other X2clients. Some image colors could be approximated,1therefore your image may look very different than<intended. Choose Private and the image colors appear4exactly as they are defined. However, other clients4may go technicolor when the image colormap is installed.



-colors value,
preferred number of colors in the image.

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The actual number of colors in the image may be less3than your request, but never more. Note, this is a0color reduction option. Images with less unique2colors than specified with this option will remainDunchanged. Refer to quantize for more details.

GNote, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth%affect the color reduction algorithm.

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-colorspace valueA
the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB,JTransparent, XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr, or YUV.

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Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB.color space. Empirical evidence suggests that,distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ/correspond to perceptual color differences more4closely than do distances in RGB space. These color5spaces may give better results when color reducing anNimage. Refer to quantize for more details.

HThe Transparent color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves,the matte channel of the image if it exists.

?The -colors or -monochrome option is required forthis option to take effect.

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-crop <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x"offset>{+-}<y offset>5
preferred size and location of the cropped image..See X(1) for details about the geometryspecification.

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To specify a percentage width or height instead,8append %. For example to crop the image by ten 8percent on all sides of the image, use -crop 10%.

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Use cropping to apply image processing options to, orMdisplay, a particular area of an image. Use -crop 0x0 to remove edgesthat are the background color.

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The equivalent X resource for this option isGcropGeometry (class CropGeometry). See XResources for details.

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-delay x)
display the next image after pausing.

7This option is useful for regulating the display of the,sequence of images. Milliseconds must0expire before the display of the next image. TheEdefault is 100 milliseconds between each frame of the image sequence./The second value is optional. It specifies theCnumber of seconds to pause before repeating your animation sequence.

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-density <width>x<height>>
vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image.

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This option specifies an image density when decoding;a PostScript or Portable Document page. The default4is 72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and vertical direction.

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-display host:display[.screen]7
specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).



-dither7
apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.

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The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity2resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the2intensities of several neighboring pixels. Images1which suffer from severe contouring when reducing(colors can be improved with this option.

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The -colors or -monochrome option is required forthis option to take effect.



-gamma value
level of gamma correction.

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The same color image displayed on two different5workstations may look different due to differences in4the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust4for this color difference. Reasonable values extendfrom 0.8 to 2.3.

3

You can apply separate gamma values to the red,2green, and blue channels of the image with a gammaKvalue list delineated with slashes (i.e. 1.7,2.3,1.2).

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-geometry <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x0offset>{+-}<yoffset>{!}{<}{>}:
preferred size and location of the Image window. See9X(1) for details about the geometry specification.5By default, the window size is the image size and the,location is chosen by you when it is mapped.

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By default, the width and height are maximum values.3That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit0the width and height value while maintaining the4aspect ratio of the image. Append an exclamation0point to the geometry to force the image size to6exactly the size you specify. For example, if you<specify 640x480! the image width is set to 640 pixels4and height to 480. If only one factor is specified,+both the width and height assume the value.

4

To specify a percentage width or height instead,=append %. The image size is multiplied by the width0and height percentages to obtain the final image4dimensions. To increase the size of an image, use a3value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an-image's size, use a percentage less than 100.

CUse > to change the dimensions of the image onlyDif its size exceeds the geometry specification. < resizesCthe image only if its dimensions is less than the geometryFspecification. For example, if you specify 640x480> and theCimage size is 512x512, the image size does not change. However, if1the image is 1024x1024, it is resized to 640x480.

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When displaying an image on an X server, <x offset>4and <y offset> is relative to the root window.

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The equivalent X resource for this option is geometryJ(class Geometry). See X Resources for details.

!

-interlace typeK
the type of interlacing scheme: None, Line, Plane,2or Partition. The default is Plane.

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This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for rawIimage formats such as RGB or YUV. None means do notHinterlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), Line uses scanline interlacingC(RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and Plane uses planeLinterlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...). Partition is like planeIexcept the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R,image.G, and image.B).

H

Use Line, or Plane to create an interlaced GIF !or progressive JPEG image.



-map type;
display image using this Standard Colormap type.

5

Choose from these Standard Colormap types:

      best
      default
      gray	      red      green
      blue


E

The X server must support the Standard Colormap you?choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use list as the typeOand display searches the list of colormap types in top-to-bottom 6order until one is located. See xstdcmap(1) for'one way of creating Standard Colormaps.



-monochrome+
transform the image to black and white.



-scene value
image scene number.

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Use this option to specify an image sequence with a9single filename. See the discussion of file below for details.

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-size <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+offset}{!}"
width and height of the image.

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Use this option to specify the width and height of<raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as GRAY,ARGB, or CMYK. In addition to width and height, useD-size to skip any header information in the image or tell theFnumber of colors in a MAP image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).

"

-treedepth value8
Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero3or one tells display to choose a optimal tree depth"for the color reduction algorithm.

.

An optimal depth generally allows the best3representation of the source image with the fastest3computational speed and the least amount of memory.4However, the default depth is inappropriate for some/images. To assure the best representation, try4values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to> quantize for more details.

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The -colors or -monochrome option is required forthis option to take effect.



-verbose/
print detailed information about the image.

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This information is printed: image scene number;<image name; image size; the image class (DirectClass;or PseudoClass); the total number of unique colors;3and the number of seconds to read and transform theFimage. Refer to miff for a descriptionof the image class.

@

If -colors is also specified, the total unique colors1in the image and color reduction error values areDprinted. Refer to quantize for adescription of these values.



-visual type)
display image using this visual type.

%

Choose from these visual classes:
      StaticGray      GrayScale      StaticColor      PseudoColor      TrueColor      DirectColor
      default      visual id
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The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise:an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual:class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the)default X server screen is chosen.



-window id3
set the background pixmap of this window to theimage.

A

id can be a window id or name. Specify root to,select X's root window as the target window.

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By default the image is tiled onto the background of@the target window. If -backdrop or -geometry are4specified, the image is surrounded by the background=color. Refer to X Resources for details.

8

The image will not display on the root window if the3image has more unique colors than the target window<colormap allows. Use -colors to reduce the number ofcolors.


<

In addition to those listed above, you can specify theseBstandard X resources as command line options: -background,L-bordercolor, -borderwidth, -font, -foreground,^-iconGeometry, -iconic, -mattecolor, -name, or -title. See&X Resources for details.

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Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect7until it is explicitly changed by specifying the option;again with a different effect. For example, to animate two<images, the first with 32 colors and the second with only 16 colors, use:
5  animate -colors 32 cockatoo.1 -colors 16 cockatoo.2
@
Options are processed in command line order. Any option you9specify on the command line remains in effect until it is8explicitly changed by specifying the option again with adifferent effect.

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Change - to + in any option above to reverse its effect.CFor example, specify +dither to not apply error diffusion to an image.

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By default, the image format is determined by its magic9number. To specify a particular image format, precede the4filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.:ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffixA(i.e. image.ps). See convert(1) for a list of valid imageformats.

B

When you specify X as your image type, the filename has:special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, orAroot. If no filename is specified, the window is selected,by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

K

Specify file as - for standard input, If file has the@extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed withGuncompress or gunzip respectively. Precede the image file*name with | to pipe from a system command.

K

Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name to specifyCa desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CDI(e.g. img0001.pcd[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g. video.mpg[50-75]).BA subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. image.tiff[2,4,7]).GFor raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512image.rgb[320x256+50+50]).

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Single images are read with the filename you specify.7Alternatively, you can animate an image sequence with a8single filename. Define the range of the image sequence?with -scene. Each image in the range is read with the?filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number.@You can change this behavior by embedding a printf format-specification in the file name. For example,
  -scene 0-9 image%02d.miff
@animates files image00.miff, image01.miff, through image09.miff.

?

Image filenames may appear in any order on the command lineEif the image format is MIFF (refer to miff(5) and theEscene keyword is specified in the image. Otherwise the images:will display in the order they appear on the command line.





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Mouse Buttons

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Press any button to map or unmap the Command widget. See7the next section for more information about the Commandwidget.


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Command Widget

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The Command widget lists a number of sub-menus and commands.They are



    
  • Animate
      
    • Open
    • Play
    • Step
    • Repeat
    • Auto Reverse
    
  • Speed
      
    • Faster
    • Slower
    
  • Direction
      
    • Forward
    • Reverse
    
  • Image Info
  • Help
  • Quit


>

Menu items with a indented triangle have a sub-menu. They9are represented above as the indented items. To access a;sub-menu item, move the pointer to the appropriate menu and<press a button and drag. When you find the desired sub-menu;item, release the button and the command is executed. Move7the pointer away from the sub-menu if you decide not toexecute a particular command.


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Keyboard Accelerators


D   Ctl+O     Press to load an image from a file.C   space    Press to display the next image in the sequence.H   <    Press to speed-up the display of the images.  Refer to+        -delay for more information.D   >    Press to slow the display of the images.  Refer to+        -delay for more information.C   ?    Press to display information about the image.  Press3        any key or button to erase the information.=        This information is printed: image name;  image size;;        and the total number of unique colors in the image.M   F1    Press to display helpful information about animate(1).@   Ctl-q    Press to discard all images and exit program.



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X Resources

F
animate options can appear on the command line or in your X<resource file. Options on the command line supersede values<specified in your X resource file. See X(1) for moreinformation on X resources.

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All animate options have a corresponding X resource. In9addition, the animate program uses the following X resources:




;background (class Background)J
Specifies the preferred color to use for the Image window background. The default is #ccc.




=borderColor (class BorderColor)J
Specifies the preferred color to use for the Image window border. Thedefault is #ccc.




=borderWidth (class BorderWidth)P
Specifies the width in pixels of the Image window border. The default is 2.




Ifont (class Font or FontList)N
Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in normal formatted text. +The default is 14 point Helvetica.




;foreground (class Foreground)O
Specifies the preferred color to use for text within the Image window. Thedefault is black.




7geometry (class geometry)M
Specifies the preferred size and position of the image window. It is not*necessarily obeyed by all window managers.




?iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)E
Specifies the preferred size and position of the application when@iconified. It is not necessarily obeyed by all window managers.




3iconic (class Iconic):
This resource indicates that you would prefer that the4application's windows initially not be visible as if0the windows had be immediately iconified by you.+Window managers may choose not to honor theapplication's request.




;matteColor (class MatteColor)5
Specify the color of windows. It is used for the2backgrounds of windows, menus, and notices. A 3D2effect is achieved by using highlight and shadow5colors derived from this color. Default value: #ddd.




/name (class Name):
This resource specifies the name under which resources6for the application should be found. This resource is.useful in shell aliases to distinguish between3invocations of an application, without resorting to6creating links to alter the executable file name. The default is the application name.




?sharedMemory (class SharedMemory):
This resource specifies whether animate should attempt3use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be4compiled with shared memory support, and the display4must support the MIT-SHM extension. Otherwise, this*resource is ignored. The default is True.




8text_font (class textFont)6
Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in5fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The defaultis 14 point Courier.




1title (class Title)8
This resource specifies the title to be used for the6Image window. This information is sometimes used by a-window manager to provide some sort of header6identifying the window. The default is the image filename.




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Environment



DISPLAY8
To get the default host, display number, and screen.



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Copyright 

>
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this8software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby6granted without fee, provided that the above copyright8notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright6notice and this permission notice appear in supporting<documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours3and Company not be used in advertising or publicity<pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,7written prior permission. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and9Company makes no representations about the suitability of6this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"$without express or implied warranty.

6

E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all6warranties with regard to this software, including all8implied warranties of merchantability and fitness, in no:event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be liable9for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any6damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or8profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or;other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with(the use or performance of this software.


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Acknowledgements

>
The MIT X Consortium for making network transparentgraphics a reality.

F

Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the8initial implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.

I

David Pensak, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, for8providing a computing environment that made this program possible.

DPaul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute. The9spacial subdivision color reduction algorithm is based onhis Img software.



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Authors

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John Cristy, G cristy@sympatico.org E.I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyIncorporated.


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4[home page]IImage manipulation software that works like magic.