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LynxOS Installation Guide |
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Using installit
Introduction
This chapter provides instructions on using installit (the LynxOS native development installation utility) to install LynxOS onto native development system hard disks (including removable hard disks).
installit in included on the LynxOS ODE CD-ROM.
Before running installit, complete the appropriate installation checklist for the type of system on which LynxOS is to be installed (see "Basic Installation Overview").
The installit utility follows these four stages:
- Selection of installation parameters, such as the location of the installation medium, the hard disk partition onto which LynxOS is to be installed (destination media), networking, and other parameters
- Selection of the development modules from which to install LynxOS
- Installation of LynxOS onto the development system's hard disk
- Reconfiguration of LynxOS boot parameters to boot from the development system's hard disk
After reconfiguring LynxOS to boot from the development system's hard disk, installit automatically reboots the system. After the system reboots, LynxOS is ready for application development, or installation of additional components.
Backing Up Important Data
LynxOS installation overwrites existing data on the disk onto which it is installed. Whether performing a new installation or an upgrade, be sure to back up
important data.If upgrading LynxOS to a newer version, LynuxWorks recommends that the following files be backed up:
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/fstab
- /etc/resolv.conf
- /net/rc.network
- /sys/cfg/pty.cfg
- /sys/lynx.os/CONFIG.TBL
- /sys/lynx.os/uparam.h
- Any custom files under /sys/dheaders/
- Any custom files under /sys/drivers/
installit Interface, Restart and Quit Commands
Because LynxOS is designed to be installed on a wide range of systems, installit does not assume that a mouse is available. All installit menus are text-based, assuming that a monitor and a keyboard are always available on the development system.
For ease of use, installit is case insensitive, accepting either lower case or upper case commands. To select a particular menu item, simply type in the item number or first letter of that item, then hit Enter.
While waiting for a menu selection to be made, installit displays the default action for the particular menu in square brackets, for example: [1]. To select the default action, simply press the Enter key.
installit menus are designed so that after selecting an item, the user is presented with a new menu of increasingly detailed information. The user may return to a previous or parent menu by keying in the R command and pressing Enter. On return to a previous menu, installit automatically selects the next menu item as the default option. In this manner, it is possible to navigate the entire installit menu tree.
Typing Q and then pressing Enter in most installit menus causes the utility to quit without installing any files. installit prints the following message:
installit can be restarted at any time by quitting, and then typing the installit command at the root prompt.
Running installit
Welcome Message
Insert the LynxOS ODE CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive and boot the system.
Run installit by simply entering the command installit at the prompt, then press Enter. On startup, installit displays the following message for all products:
To terminate the installation, type the letter n then press the Enter key. Otherwise, simply press Enter to proceed with the installation.
PowerPC Initial Screen
On PowerPC systems only, the Terminal Type Selection Menu (shown below) is the first screen displayed after running installit.
installit supports installation via a serial line console. The following terminal emulator programs can be used with installit:
Terminal emulator programs must be configured to use the serial connection in the 9600/N81 mode. The 9600/N81 mode assumes the following settings:
Select the terminal and then enter option C to continue installation.
Main Menu
The installit Main Menu displays the following options:
For a typical installation, the user must verify that all default installation values are correct and choose the products to install before continuing. As such, it is best to navigate through all of the menus.
Selecting the Distribution Media
The Modify Default Values Menu, shown below, allows the user to select the appropriate LynxOS installation media options. For instance, a CD-ROM drive can be connected to the system either through an IDE or SCSI interface.
The default installation device for LynxOS here is the IDE CD-ROM indicated by ide.1. If this is correct, press Enter, and continue with selecting the Install To: device. If unsure, select 1 to view the Install Media Selection Menu, shown below.
Enter the correct option for the device from which LynxOS is being installed.
There are also several parameters that need to be entered for each LynxOS installation device.
After installation, installit prompts the user to return to the parent menu to continue with installation.
Installing from a SCSI Tape Device
After entering option 1 (SCSI Tape) from the Install Media Selection Menu, the SCSI Device Selection Menu displays the following options:
Installing from a SCSI CD-ROM Device
After entering option 2 (SCSI CD-ROM) from the Install Media Selection Menu, the SCSI Device Selection Menu displays the following options:
Changing SCSI Adapter for x86 Systems
After entering 2 (SCSI CD-ROM) from the Install Media Selection Menu, the SCSI Device Selection Menu is displayed.
Enter option 1 to view or change SCSI Adapter settings. The SCSI Adapter Selection Menu displays the following options:
Enter the correct values and options on this screen.
Changing SCSI Adapter for PowerPC Systems
After entering 2 from the Install Media Selection Menu, the SCSI Device Selection Menu is displayed the following options:
Enter option 1 to view or change SCSI Adapter settings; doing so displays the SCSI Adapter Selection Menu as follows:
Enter the correct values and options on this screen, then return to the SCSI Device Selection Menu.
Once this is done, go to the section "Selecting ID for SCSI CD-ROM" and continue.
Selecting ID for SCSI CD-ROM
Enter option 2 from the SCSI Device Selection Menu to view the SCSI ID Selection Menu, shown below.
Enter the device ID of the SCSI CD-ROM drive. Now that the correct settings have been entered, return to the Modify Default Values Menu.
Installing from IDE CD-ROM
After entering option 3 (IDE CD-ROM) from the Install Media Selection Menu, the IDE Device Selection Menu displays the following options:
Selecting IDE Adapter
Enter option 1 tin the IDE Device Selection Menu to view or change the IDE Adapter settings on the IDE Adapter Selection Menu, which follows.
installit supports only one IDE adapter.
Selecting IDE Device ID
Choose option 2 from the IDE Device Selection Menu to enter the IDE device ID from the IDE ID Selection Menu, shown below.
IDE IDs 0 and 1 refer to the primary IDE adapter master and slave devices, respectively. IDE IDs 2 and 3 refer to the secondary IDE adapter (not present on all systems) master and slave devices, respectively.
Now that the correct CD-ROM IDE settings have been entered or verified, return to the Modify Default Values Menu on the development system, then see "Selecting the Destination Media".
Selecting the Destination Media
Selecting the LynxOS destination media is similar to selecting the LynxOS installation device. Return to the Modify Default Values Menu, shown below, and enter option 2.
After entering option 2, the Installation Target Selection Menu is displayed.
Enter the option that is correct for the development system onto which LynxOS is to be installed. There are two installation media options:
- SCSI Hard Disk: go to "Installing onto SCSI Hard Disk for x86" and "Installing onto SCSI Hard Disk for PPC" for more information. Then read "Partitioning SCSI Devices (x86 or PPC)".
- IDE Hard Disk: go to "Installing onto IDE Disk" for more information.
Installing onto SCSI Hard Disk for x86
After entering 1 from the Installation Target Selection Menu, the SCSI Device Selection Menu displays the following options:
Enter option 1 in the SCSI Device Selection Menu to view or change SCSI Adapter settings on the SCSI Adapter Selection Menu, shown below.
The user must enter the correct values and options for the LynxOS destination hard disk, and then return to the SCSI Device Selection Menu.
Enter option 2 on the SCSI Device Selection Menu to view the SCSI ID Selection Menu, shown below.
Enter the destination SCSI hard disk's ID, then return to the SCSI Device Selection Menu.
Installing onto SCSI Hard Disk for PPC
After entering 1 from the Installation Target Selection Menu, the SCSI Device Selection Menu displays the following:
Enter option 1 in the Installation Target Selection Menu to view or change SCSI Adapter settings on the SCSI Adapter Selection Menu, shown below.
The user needs to enter the correct values and options for the LynxOS destination device, then return to the SCSI Device Selection Menu.
Enter option 2 to view the SCSI ID Selection Menu, shown below.
Enter the destination hard disk's SCSI ID, then return to the SCSI Device Selection Menu.
Partitioning SCSI Devices (x86 or PPC)
Enter option 3 in the SCSI Device Selection Menu to view partitions. If the entered disk exists and partitions have already been created, the Partition Configuration Menu displays the following:
If the selected disk exists, users can view the partition info by selecting option 0. For instance:
To create or modify a disk partition, select option 16.
If the user enters option 1 to modify or create new partitions, installit invokes mkpart. For additional information on using mkpart, see "mkpart(1) man page".
Now that the correct partition settings have been entered or verified, return to the Modify Default Values Menu on the development system, then see "Setting System Parameters".
Installing onto IDE Disk
After entering option 2 from the Installation Target Selection Menu, the IDE Device Selection Menu displays the following options:
Changing IDE Adapter
Enter option 1 on the IDE Device Selection Menu to view or change IDE Adapter settings. The IDE Adapter Selection Menu appears, as shown below, confirming the selection.
installit supports only one IDE adapter; press the Enter key to select option 1.
IDE Device ID
Select 2 from the IDE Device Selection Menu to display the IDE ID Selection Menu, shown below.
Device IDs 0 and 1 refer to the primary IDE adapter master and slave devices, respectively. Device IDs 2 and 3 refer to the secondary IDE adapter (not present on all systems) master and slave devices, respectively.
Enter the device ID of the destination hard disk.
Partitioning an IDE Disk
Return to the IDE Device Selection Menu and enter option 3 to view partitions. If the selected disk exists and partitions have already been created, the Partition Configuration Menu displays partition information, as shown below.
If the selected disk exists, users can view its partition info by selecting option 0. For instance:
Selecting option 16 from the Partition Configuration Menu displays the Disk Partitioning Menu.
Enter option 1 to modify or create new partitions. installit invokes mkpart. For additional information on using mkpart, see "mkpart(1) man page".
Now that the correct partition settings have been entered or verified, return to the Modify Default Values Menu on the development system, and see "Setting System Parameters".
Setting System Parameters
To set the system parameters, return to the Modify Default Values Menu, shown below, and enter option 3.
After entering 3, the System Parameter Configuration Menu displays the following:
The Default values are recommended for most LynxOS installations. If LynxOS is going to be used for software development and debugging, the Development Systems Values option is recommended. As noted in the menu, the development system values require at least 10 MB of memory (RAM).
Setting Virtual Memory Options
To set or verify the virtual memory (swap file system) options, the user must return to the Modify Default Values Menu, shown below.
All LynxOS processes and threads run in virtual memory, that is, addressing is virtual and is mapped to the underlying physical RAM by the system's memory management unit (MMU).
LynxOS also supports demand-paged virtual memory (sometimes just called "virtual memory"). When demand-paging is not enabled, the number of simultaneously executable processes is limited by the amount of available physical RAM. When demand-paging is enabled, LynxOS (as needed and on demand) clears up physical RAM to make room for more processes. To do this, LynxOS copies pages of RAM to the swapfile residing on a hard disk or any other mass storage device. When these pages are needed again, LynxOS makes space for them in physical RAM (by paging out other pages) and paging in the needed pages.
For most embedded applications, demand-paging should not be enabled. The main reason for this is to avoid performance penalties associated with paging in and paging out of required pages of memory. Demand paging is disabled by default.
To enable or disable demand-paging, enter option 4 from the Modify Default Values Menu, which displays the Virtual Memory Configuration Menu as follows:
To enable demand paging, enter option 1. This option acts as a toggle switch for enabling/disabling demand paging.
Entering 1 on the Virtual Memory Configuration Menu, shown below, toggles demand-paged virtual memory. When it is enabled, the menu allows the user to select virtual memory type, name, and size parameters.
There are two swapfile types supported by LynxOS:
- A contiguous file created in the root file system - To select this option, enter 1 (Contiguous File) on the Swapfile Type Menu.
- A separate disk partition that is used only for swapping (paging) pages in and out. To select this option, enter 2 (Raw Partition) on the Swapfile Type Menu.
Virtual Memory Contiguous File Settings
To change the swapfile name, enter option 3 in the Virtual Memory Configuration Menu. The following is displayed:
To change the name of the file, simply key in the new swapfile name in the Enter option or New Swapfile Name: field.
To change the swapfile size, enter option 4 from the Virtual Memory Configuration Menu. Doing this displays the Swapfile Size Configuration Menu, shown below.
To change the swapfile size, simply enter the new Swapfile size at the
Enter option or Swapfile size: prompt. For help on this topic, enter the H option. In most cases, setting the swapfile size to twice the amount of physical RAM provides optimal performance. For systems running large applications, such as X Windows-based applications, additional swap space may be required.Return to the Modify Default Values Menu on the development system, and see "Configuring Device Driver Parameters".
Virtual Memory Raw Partition Settings
After selecting raw swapfile type from the Swapfile Type Menu, the Virtual Memory Configuration Menu displays the following information:
The swapfile partition must not be the same as the LynxOS installation partition. To change the swapfile partition, enter option 3 the Virtual Memory Configuration Menu. Doing this displays the Swap Partition Menu, as shown below.
Selecting swap partition is identical to selecting the installation partition; see the following sections depending on the development system: "Installing onto SCSI Hard Disk for x86", "Installing onto SCSI Hard Disk for PPC", "Installing onto IDE Disk".
Return to the Modify Default Values Menu on the development system, then see "Configuring Device Driver Parameters" below.
Configuring Device Driver Parameters
To configure device driver parameters, enter option 5 on the Modify Default Values Menu:
After entering option 5, the Modify Device Driver/Driver Related Features Menu displays the following:
To install a PS2 compatible mouse, enter option 2; see "Selecting a PS2 Mouse". If networking parameters need to be configured, see "Configuring Networking Parameters" below.
Configuring Networking Parameters
To configure networking parameters, enter option 1 from the Modify Device Driver/ Driver Related Features Menu.
installit allows for choosing the primary ethernet interface, IP address configuration, setting the host name, and provides the option to install NFS.
After entering 1 from the Modify Device Driver/Driver Related Features Menu, the Modify Networking Default Values Menu displays the following:
To select a network interface card, enter option 1. To enable/disable TCP/IP, or to change the host name or IP address, enter option 2. To enable/disable NFS and to change NFS parameters, enter option 3.
Selecting an Ethernet Card (x86)
To select an Ethernet card on x86 development systems, enter option 1 on the Ethernet Adapter Selection Menu.
The list of Ethernet Adapters displays supported chips and/or cards/card series.
Enter the appropriate Ethernet adapter, then return to the Modify Networking Default Values Menu on the development system to continue configuring the appropriate network parameters.
Selecting an Ethernet Card (PPC)
To select an Ethernet card on PPC development systems, enter option 1 on the Ethernet Adapter Selection Menu.
Enter the appropriate Ethernet adapter, then return to the Modify Networking Default Values Menu on the development system to continue configuring network parameters as appropriate.
Configuring TCP/IP
To configure TCP/IP parameters, enter option 2 on the Modify Networking Default Values Menu. This displays the TCP/IP Configuration Menu as follows:
TCP/IP is enabled by default. To toggle TCP/IP, enter option 1.
Setting Host Name
To change the host name, enter option 2 on the TCP/IP Configuration Menu. Doing this displays the Hostname Configuration Menu as follows:
To change the host name, key in the name, then press Enter.
Configuring IP Address
After entering the host name, return to the TCP/IP Configuration Menu and enter option 3. Doing this displays the IP Address Configuration Menu, shown below.
To change the IP address, simply type the new IP address and press Enter.
After completing the TCP/IP configuration, return to the Modify Networking Default Values Menu.
Configuring NFS
To configure NFS, enter option 3, which brings up the NFS Configuration Menu, as shown below.
NFS installation is enabled by default. To enable or disable NFS, enter option 1. If NFS installation is disabled, installit does not permit the other NFS parameters to be changed. To enable or disable any of the other parameters (assuming NFS is enabled), simply enter the appropriate option and press Enter.
If Enable Server and Enable Client are both disabled, installit automatically disables Install NFS:.
Selecting a PS2 Mouse
To select a PS2 mouse, choose option 2 from the Modify Device Driver/Drive Related Features Menu. This toggles the PS2 mouse selection.
Setting Date, Time and Time Zone
To set or verify the date, time and time zone values, return to the Modify Default Values Menu and select option 6.
The following menu is displayed.
Enter option 1 to modify the date. Note that the date is in the format YYYY/MM/DD.
After changing the date, return to the Modify Date, Time and Time Zone Menu and select option 2 to enter a new time. New time should be entered in a 24 hour clock.
There are two ways to set a time zone. One way (default) is to use a value of minutes east (-) or west (+) of Greenwich Mean Time and setting a daylight savings type. The second way is to use the TZ environment variable. To enable or disable use of the TZ environment variable, select option 3 from the Modify Date, Time and Time Zone Menu. The Modify Date, Time and Time Zone Menu changes appropriately.
To set the time zone using the default way, select option 4 from the Modify Date, Time and Time Zone Menu when use of the TZ environment variable is turned off. The following menu is displayed.
After changing the time zone, return to the Modify Date, Time and Time Zone Menu and select option 5 to select daylight savings type. The Modify Daylight Savings Type Menu is shown.
To set the time zone using the TZ environment variable, select option 4 from the Modify Date, Time and Time Zone Menu when the TZ environment variable
is enabled.
The following menu is used to configure the TZ environment variable.
To select from predefined TZ variables, select option 0 from the Modify TZ Environment Variable Menu.
To set the standard time zone name, select option 1 from the Modify TZ Environment Variable Menu.
To set the standard offset from GMT, select option 2 from the Modify TZ Environment Variable Menu.
To set the daylight savings time zone name, select option 3 from the Modify TZ Environment Variable Menu.
To set the daylight savings offset from GMT, select option 4 from the Modify TZ Environment Variable Menu.
To set the time zone start date, select option 5 from the Modify TZ Environment Variable Menu.
To set the time zone start time, select option 6 from the Modify TZ Environment Variable Menu.
To set the time zone end date, select option 7 from the Modify TZ Environment Variable Menu.
To set the time zone end time, select option 8 from the Modify TZ Environment Variable Menu.
Choosing Products to Install
Enter option 2 to choose products to install. The following menu appears:
Options 1 and 99 toggle installing the development OS and additional products, respectively. Additional products are the GNU Zebra routing package, the OpenSSL encryption components, etc.
To choose an item for installation enter the appropriate option. Return to the Main Menu when all desired products are enabled.
Completing the LynxOS Installation
After configuring the development system, begin the installation. This installs LynxOS onto the development system. To run installit, return to the Main Menu, shown below, and enter option B:
installit displays the Final Installation Menu as follows:
Enter the command C to continue. installit immediately begins installing LynxOS. This process includes first removing any existing data on the destination hard disk partition. During the installation process, installit displays status information, including names of files as they are being copied to the hard disk.
After running installit to install LynxOS, the development system needs to be rebooted for the installation to take effect.
Rebooting
At the end of the installation, installit configures a LynxOS kernel to boot from the hard disk. A reboot message is printed by installit, prompting the user to press Enter and remove the media.
Secondary Installation Configurations
After rebooting, the installation procedure starts the secondary installation installation process. This includes changing LynxOS configuration files and rebuilding the kernel, if needed. The following message is printed during the secondary installation:
The host database (/etc/hosts) supplied is just a sample and it may not reflect the exact network addresses and hostnames at your site. If you already have a host data base, copy it to /etc/hosts. Otherwise you will need to edit /etc/hosts to add your network addresses and hostnames to the database.
The file /etc/fstab can be edited to include mount commands for any directories that are to be NFS mounted each time the machine is booted.
The file /etc/exports needs to be edited to include any directories that can be exported to NFS clients. If you already have a database of exportable NFS directories, copy it to /etc/exports. If you need to create a new database, please refer to the section on file formats in the LynxOS Reference Manual (man-4,5,9) for the format of the file /etc/exports.
Reboot the system again to complete the LynxOS installation.
Users new to LynxOS should read the Getting Started chapter of the LynxOS User's Guide to familiarize themselves with the basics of LynxOS.
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LynuxWorks, Inc. 855 Branham Lane East San Jose, CA 95138 http://www.lynuxworks.com 1.800.255.5969 |
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